Socialism must take the material and historical conditions of a country into account and construct socialism in a way that fits with them. For example, a revolution in the United States (a settler-colony in the imperial core with a large proletariat) would have to act differently than a revolution in Vietnam (a colonized and majority peasant country) or somewhere else. Mariátegui specifically was referring to the indigenous history of Peru and the pre-colonial communes that existed.

socialism with latin america characteristics. Each nations has different material conditions and marxisms has to be adapted to each particular condition, there are no recipes.

It’s and very useful concept that we should not try to replicate the movements of previous revolutions beat by beat, and instead learn with those movements whatever was achieved and use those lessons to create new movements specifically for the region wherever revolutions are tried again.