Hello! Welcome to your weekly guide to the Russian economy — written by Alexandra Prokopenko, Alexander Kolyandr and Denis Kasyanchuk and brought to you by The Bell. To mark the second anniversary of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, we take an in depth look at how Russia’s economy has
I mean we also have the US where military spending has been propping up the economy for decades. There are whole states now where military industry is the main source of jobs. So, it’s a pretty tenuous to suggest that military spending can’t prop up an economy indefinitely.
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The decline in social services and social safety net is not the result of US military spending though.
Typically it does, and it’s easy to see how Russia could either end up in an indefinite war with the west or just become arms manufacturing hub for the BRICS and start arming countries in Africa, Middle East, and Asia, which is already starting to happen incidentally. Alternatively, the same industry that’s being used for weapons manufacturing could be turned to civilian use, which would be a much better scenario. Both the US and USSR ended up doing that to an extend after WW2 ended.
The key point is that there’s little evidence to suggest that high military spending will lead to an unstable economy down the road.
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For the record, I very much agree that military industry isn’t the best way to develop the economy. Ultimately, any effort that goes towards producing weapons is effort that could be directed towards improving the lives of the people in the country. It’s just that you can get away producing a lot of useless stuff before there’s a serious drag on the economy. Incidentally, military industry is just one example of this. I generally agree with Graeber’s bullshit jobs thesis stating that a lot of work is basically just make work with no useful social purpose to it.
Russia is actually fairly centralized at this point. They pretty much had to move back to a planned economy after the war started.
A 2023 World Bank study gives a pretty good overview. In particular, it distinguishes between businesses of the state (BOS), that are at least 10% government owned by some government, and state owned enterprises (SOE), which are majority owned or more, and controlled, by the government.
Top line result is shown in the following chart:
And here’s another chart showing SOE in Russia compared with China https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/state-owned-enterprises-global-economy-reason-concern
Russia’s high levels of SOEs is not far behind China by many measures.
Central bank plays a big role in Russia as well, and has large influence over the funding of the private enterprise. FT even moaned about state directed economy standing up to sanctions back in 2022.
And I agree with your assessment that the authors most likely did use the guns vs butter model as the basis for their argument. It’s not without merit, but I the devil’s always in the details. With the world changing as rapidly as it is, I think it’s pretty hard to make any predictions regarding what’s going to happen a year or two down the road. We’re kind of in terra incognita here.
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I very much agree, once you create the structures necessary to feed the war machine, there’s a lot if incentive to keep them in place. Although, it is worth noting that the problem is worse in the private sector where there is constant need for profit. State owned infrastructure can be repurposed or mothballed much easier. In fact, this article from the guardian mentions that one of the reasons Russia was able to ramp up military production was because they had mothballed factories around for this exact eventuality
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/15/rate-of-russian-military-production-worries-european-war-planners
Also agree that Russia is still dealing with all the problems that resulted from mass privatization. In my view, that’s the biggest challenge for Russia going forward. Amusingly the west effectively ended up doing capital controls for Russia via sanctions. It would’ve been an unpopular measure with the oligarchs if it came from the government, but since it was imposed externally, they had little choice but to get with the program.
And I enjoyed the discussion as well. I find when there is good faith disagreement, that typically means that people are looking at things from a different perspective or they rely on different information to form their view. Having a discussion to figure out the reasons for disagreement tends to enlighten both parties, and the end result is we both get a more nuanced understanding of the subject. So pleasure was all mine. :)