You can have sustainabe logging at any scale, but it does take a long time, decades to a century, for timber to turn over so it’s definitely a long game. And you can’t harvest trees too early if you want the plantation to stay sustainable. But, since you have trees at all different ages at any mature new growth, you can harvest some trees every year in line with the specific tree species’ maturation cycle (and that’s what you want to do, you definitely don’t want to cut down a plantation all at once because you’ll destroy the ecosystem, which you ideally would not affect by harvesting at the replacement rate). The issue there is what if you need more wood now than is in the sustainably harvestable window. I’ve actually done maximum sustainable yield calculations for tree plantations in university.

For many applications though, particularly ones not involving heavy structural use of timber, like facades and coverings, non load bearing parts of the building, decorative pieces, as well as furniture, bamboo might be a good alternative. It’s actually a species of grass and is one of the fastest growing plants in the world, with reasonable strength for decorative or light structural use. Ideally you would only use timber for applications that require the level of strength it provides, and use less strong bamboo where that’s acceptable.