TL;DR as the Otoman Empire fell apart Britain took control of Palestine, then the British PM was convinced by the Zionist cause and announced the intent to create a Jewish state (the Balfour Declaration). Post ww2, large numbers of European Jews decided to emigrate (for what should be obvious reasons) and the natural destination was the mandate of Palestine. 1948, Britain is making good on its promise and decides to split Palestine into an explicitly Muslim state (Palestine) and a Jewish one (Isreal), because that would surely end well.

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Listen to the series on Zionism on the Intervention podcast