Tip: you can also use chmod u+rwx,g+rx,o+rx etc to add permissions

With the initial letters corresponding to “user”, “group” and “other”, and ®was, (w)rite, e(x)ecute for the rest.

In the case of directories, x specifies access to files/etc within the directly (read just let’s you see them)

You can also use i.e “o-rw” etc etc to remove existing permissions