“Frugality” makes me think of the Calvinist/Protestant work ethic, which it has been argued is a bourgeois ideology.

It emphasizes that a person’s subscription to the values espoused by the Protestant faith, particularly Calvinism, result in diligence, discipline, and frugality.

There’s a book by R. H. Tawney in my towering pile of unreads about it: Religion and the Rise of Capitalism