Politicians aren’t the only ones. Anyone well known with a distinct enough last name is referred to the same way: Bezos, Einstein, Swarzanegger, every sportsball player, etc
It’s easier and more convenient to refer to someone by only one name when you can.
Standardized writing style guides have you refer to everyone by their last name after you’ve named them with their whole name.
Well, if someone says “President Biden” or “President Trump,” you’re much more likely to know who they’re talking about compared to “President Joe” or “President Donald.”
The only President Donald I need:
Most people with last names that are at least somewhat unique are referred to by their last names. E. g. Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Donald Trump.
You wouldn’t call Lula by “da Silva”. So it depends.